atitlan volcano eruption

Geotech. Res. The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2022.827252/full#supplementary-material, Ambrose, S. H. (1998). No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. doi:10.1016/0377-0273(81)90021-4, Stokke, E., Liu, E., and Jones, M. (2020). Sci. Res. Sci. Second, scientific colonization and the advent of satellite monitoring has resulted in flattening of the Earth in terms of the search for interesting active geological phenomena and we would be aware of any interesting anomalies on the continents - beneath the ocean is a different issue, but supervolcanoes are less likely to develop in these settings. In contrast to Tolimn, Atitln displays a . Bull. Influence of Stress Field Changes on Eruption Initiation and Dynamics: A Review. Editor S. K. Sennert (Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey). Folch, A., and Marti, J. 241-242, 112. Volcanic Hazards at Atitln Volcano, Guatemala The exact significance of coincident zircon age spectra and crystallization maxima in YTT and LCY magmatic systems requires further investigation, yet enhanced zircon crystallization is usually preceded by significant recharge events (Klemetti and Clynne, 2014). (2004). Elastic Energy Release in Great Earthquakes and Eruptions. Proc. Chem. Our statistical model demonstrates that the probability of quasi-synchronous supereruptions within millennial timescales at near antipodal locations is extremely low (0.086%), indicating that a pure-chance scenario as highly unlikely. doi:10.1038/ngeo2658, Black, B. Garcia, M. O., Tree, J. P., Wessel, P., and Smith, J. R. (2020). (Accessed January 22, 2022). (2014) to be based on an incomplete characterization of a complex deposit emplaced into shifting wind conditions and thus the type no longer exists. doi:10.1016/s0277-3791(01)00154-8, Osipov, S., Stenchikov, G., Tsigaridis, K., LeGrande, A. N., Bauer, S. E., Fnais, M., et al. J. Volcanol. London: Geological Society of London, 28. (2014). Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/robinandrews/2018/07/23/here-is-what-a-supervolcano-actually-is-and-what-its-definitely-not/?sh=7ce50cc94fee. The YTT supereruption is considered to be the consequence of progressive thermal maturation of its magmatic system and surrounding crust by prolonged magma influx over timescales of hundreds of thousands to millions of years (Liu et al., 2021). Res. Revisiting Short-Term Earthquake Triggered Volcanism. The Magnitude and Impact of the Youngest Toba Tuff Super-eruption. FIGURE 3. (2016). In May 2023, Frontiers adopted a new reporting platform to be Counter 5 compliant, in line with industry standards. A. (2007). doi:10.1002/2017gl074579, ODonovan, J., Ibraim, E., Osullivan, C., Hamlin, S., Wood, D. M., and Marketos, G. (2016). Volcan Atitlan - Guatemala (2015). Phys. Geochronol. Processes in Mushes and Their Role in the Differentiation of Granitic Rocks. Geochem. The historically active andesitic Volcn Atitln is younger than Tolimn, although their earlier activity overlapped. 2, 10. doi:10.3389/feart.2014.00010, Gudmundsson, A. Super-Eruptions: Global Effects and Future Threats. Rev. 134, 77107. A., and Self, S. (2016). Res. Received: 01 December 2021; Accepted: 22 March 2022;Published: 08 April 2022. In the last 2Myr, 13 supereruptions are known globally (Crosweller et al., 2012) with an estimated recurrence interval of ca. *Correspondence: Shanaka de Silva, desilvsh@oregonstate.edu, Large Explosive Volcanic Eruptions (LEVEs), View all J. Volcanol. The recorded and expected disruptive impacts of such supereruptions range from local to global in scale (Miller and Wark, 2008; Self, 2015; Brenna et al., 2021) and may have devastating consequences to human civilization (Sparks et al., 2005). At Yellowstone dozens of lava eruptions have occurred since the supereruption 631,000years ago, and until as recently as 70,000years ago with the most recent having a volume of 70km3 (Table 1; Christiansen et al., 2007; Watts et al., 2012). Front. Lake Atitln Editors H. Sigurdsson, B. Houghton, S. R. McNutt, H. Rymer, and J. Stix, (London, UK: Academic Press), 263269. The only evidence for a post-climactic eruption at La Garita is the 1km3 Nutras Creek Dacite. 12 (1), 10041013. Of these last eruptions, the only strong one occurred on May 3, 1853, when ash darkened the skies around the lake. The Holocene 22 (4), 439449. doi:10.1029/2008jd011652, Rose, W. I., Newhall, C. G., Bornhorst, T. J., and Self, S. (1987). About 2003 the term supervolcano was introduced in the eponymous movie being developed by Discovery Channel/BBC TV but with unfortunate hyperboleIs Yellowstone overdue? Volcanic hazards at Atitlan volcano, Guatemala Hiking Volcan San Pedro. (2021). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). Sci. 5 (11), 826829. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1987)15<913:doaitg>2.0.co;2, Rose, W. I., Conway, F. M., Pullinger, C. R., Deino, A., and McIntosh, W. C. (1999). Atitlan is part of the Central American Volcanic Arc. The term supereruption is synonymous with explosive silicic (sensu latu including intermediate compositions like silicic andesite and dacite) volcanism. The Lateral Extent of Volcanic Interactions during Unrest and Eruption. Rev. Dispersal of Ash in the Great Toba Eruption, 75 Ka. Nevertheless, since permeable melt flow is a slow process (compared to flow in open fractures), a lag in triggering a supereruption from another is to be expected. Resurgent Cauldrons, in Studies in Volcanology. Sci. Earth-Science Rev. Improved Age Framework for Late Quaternary Silicic Eruptions in Northern Central America. Res. Long residence in a melt-present buffered state for both the YTT and LCY supervolcanic magmatic systems is suggested by their protracted zircon crystallization records. Black bars through symbols are 1 age uncertainties. Control of the Aspect Ratio of the Chamber Roof on Caldera Formation During Silicic Eruptions. 1374 8 21 Watch more exciting videos on TikTok Watch more exciting videos on TikTok Watch now @matadornetwork #FuegoVolcano in #Guatemala is one of the most active volcanoes in Central America. Ignimbrites of the Cerro Galan Caldera, NW Argentina. Proc. (2009). Sci. 119 (1-2), 1830. Appl. Geothermal Res. Deformation History Emission History Photo Gallery Map Holdings Sample Collection External Sites Most Recent Weekly Report: 23 April-29 April 2003 Cite this Report A landslide on the outer flanks of Tolimn volcano passed through and buried portions of a mountain village at 0418 on 23 April. However, these sulfur masses are only minima due to the unknown sulfur mass that was partitioned into a fluid phase prior to the eruption and potentially vented during the onset of eruption. doi:10.1353/col.2020.0040, Morton, M. C. (2021). These multi-cyclic calderas have produced large silicic eruptions from which the YTT and LCY stand out. We choose not to enumerate the many instances that we have found, even in peer-reviewed literature, but suggest that, going forward to avoid this, Pyles measure Magnitude M, be the primary measure of magnitude (as a capitalized and italicized M). Dont Call it a Supervolcano. Thus, we propose that two of the nine sulfate signals are likely genetically related to the YTT and LCY (Figure 1B and Supplementary Figure S1). (2005). 2 (9), 610627. Zimmerer, M. J., Lafferty, J., and Coble, M. A. Assuming that the seismic energy localization effect for the antipodal magma reservoir is valid, we posit that specific requirements still need to be fulfilled in order to trigger a (super)eruption doublet, including a sufficient number of magma bodies at a critical state and a sufficiently large magnitude of the sequence of volcanic-seismic events itself. J. Volcanol. Front. 21 (14-15), 15931609. 220, 103665. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103665, Williams, D. A., and Greeley, R. (1994). Earth Sci. However, eight other significant volcanic-derived sulfate anomalies from unknown sources (T1-T9; Figure 1B and Supplementary Figure S1; Svensson et al., 2013) also occur within uncertainty of the currently accepted radioisotopically determined eruption ages for the YTT between 73.9 0.3ka BP (1; 40Ar/39Ar in sanidine; Storey et al., 2012) and 75.0 0.9ka BP (1; 40Ar/39Ar in sanidine and biotite; Mark et al., 2014). 282, 7791. Mapping Crustal Shear Wave Velocity Structure and Radial Anisotropy beneath West Antarctica Using Seismic Ambient Noise. Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). 55 (8), 16531684. (2017). Front. It is telling that in our best available databases such as LaMEVE (Crossweller et al., 2012) and Mason et al. The plain fact is that the most frequent eruptions from supervolcanoes are actually small eruptions, most commonly effusive lava eruptions. Poland, M. (2019). A. A History of Violence: Magma Incubation, Timing and Tephra Distribution of the Los Chocoyos Supereruption (Atitln Caldera, Guatemala). 310, 5057. (2016). Lett. Cook, G. W., Wolff, J. Transient Triggering of Near and Distant Earthquakes. The so-called Campanian supereruption is currently estimated at 181265km3 DRE, a mass of 4.76.9 1014kg, a magnitude (M) of 7.77.8 and a VEI of 7 (Silleni et al., 2020). One exception is in the 27Ma La Garita caldera of the San Juan mountains of Colorado, where the VEI 6 (200km3) Pagosa Peak dacite preceded the massive M 9 Fish Canyon Tuff eruption by anywhere from 15 to 78ka (Morgan et al., 2020). Monitoring Super-Volcanoes: Geophysical and Geochemical Signals at Yellowstone and Other Large Caldera Systems. We clarify the definition of supervolcano as a volcano that has been the site of at least one explosive silicic eruption of Magnitude of 8 (M 8) or greater. The YTT seismic estimate should be considered an integrated estimate since the total energy released from the caldera collapse could have occurred over hours to days rather than an instantaneous rupture event (Stix and Kobayashi, 2008). Coordinates: 143648N 911122W Tolimn is a stratovolcano in Guatemala, on the southern shores of Lake Atitln. Based on the foregoing, we propose that a supervolcano is a volcano that has been the site of at least one silicic explosive eruption of Magnitude 8 (M 8) or greater. Geosci. Thermomechanical Feedbacks in Magmatic Systems: Implications for Growth, Longevity, and Evolution of Large Caldera-Forming Magma Reservoirs and Their Supereruptions. News/Updates | Earthquakes | Books | Tours 11, 169187. Res. Synchronized Oscillations and Acoustic Fluidization in Confined Granular Materials. (2018). These statistical distinctions are consistent with studies that demonstrate that the physical mechanisms of eruption triggering and caldera collapse initiation from such large magma reservoirs are indeed distinct. doi:10.1029/2009jb006554, Denton, C. A., Johnson, B. C., Wakita, S., Freed, A. M., Melosh, H. J., and Stern, S. A. Publ. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.859237, https://www.forbes.com/sites/robinandrews/2018/07/23/here-is-what-a-supervolcano-actually-is-and-what-its-definitely-not/?sh=7ce50cc94fee, https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidbressan/2020/11/06/kerguelen-plateau-is-earths-longest-continuously-erupting-supervolcano/, https://blog.geolsoc.org.uk/2013/04/10/what-really-happens-in-a-flood-basalt-eruption/, https://volcano.si.edu/showreport.cfm?doi=GVP.WVAR20211117-282110, https://volcano.si.edu/showreport.cfm?doi=GVP.WVAR20220105-282080, https://www.usgs.gov/news/personal-commentary-why-i-dislike-term-supervolcano-and-what-we-should-be-saying-instead, https://www.usgs.gov/volcanoes/long-valley-caldera, https://www.usgs.gov/volcanoes/yellowstone/questions-about-supervolcanoes, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supervolcano. 26, 81110. Based on this, nine active supervolcanoes are found on the Earth today and although all are calderas, we contend that referring to them simply as large calderas or caldera complexes obviates clear magmatic, volcanological, and structural extremes that distinguish supervolcanoes from other caldera complexes. Large supereruption-feeding magma systems are thought to be buffered and perched at a critical threshold for extended periods and then externally triggered (de Silva and Gregg, 2014; Wilson et al., 2021). 172, 319. Although our statistical analysis shows the randomness of large eruptions in the LaMEVE dataset as a whole, the probability of two supereruptions occurring within only 80400years may not be random by itself. 36 (2), 169179. Volcanol. The Importance of Pahoehoe. Lett. Proc. AGU 76, 241. Received: 21 January 2022; Accepted: 21 March 2022;Published: 05 May 2022. doi:10.1130/g35400.1, Jellinek, A. M., and DePaolo, D. J. Sci. Geothermal Res. Earth Planet. Geophys. Res. Here is What a Supervolcano Actually is and What it is Definitely Not. (Accessed October 24, 2021). The concept of super-eruptions has been in volcanological discourse since at least 1984 when Bob Christiansen of the USGS (with reference to Yellowstone volcano) wrote superexplosive eruptions of magnitudes that have seldom, if ever, been recorded in human history. (Christiansen, 1984). was the titillating by-line for the movie - and there was no formal definition (Discovery Channel, 2005). (1998). J. Volcanol. Bull. Japanese Meteorological Agency (2022). If only such spikes are considered, the potential timespan between the YTT and LCY can be further constrained to ca. Atitln is part of the Central American Volcanic Arc. J. Geophys. (2011). Volcn Tolimn doi:10.1007/s00445-003-0277-y, Karlstrom, L., Dufek, J., and Manga, M. (2010). 23, 837840. Volcanol. Volcanol. Volcn Atitln is one of several conical stratovolcanoes in the Guatemalan highlands. Nat. (2021). Magma Dynamics and Collapse Mechanisms during Four Historic Calderaforming Events. Age of the Lava Creek Supereruption and Magma Chamber Assembly at Yellowstone Based on 40Ar/39Ar and U-Pb Dating of Sanidine and Zircon Crystals. 39 (3), 397438. 50 (5), 875907. Rev. 96ka. 102 (6), 24682483. Geothermal Res. The maximum apparent rates of crystallization in magma bodies as indicated by zircon age maxima in the probability-density curve (Figure 4A) have been shown to occur over a wide range of timescales prior to eruption in different volcanic systems and are still not well understood (4247kyr; Simon et al., 2008; Wilson and Charlier, 2009). Rose, W. I., and Chesner, C. A. Zrn, W., and Widmer, R. (1996). Earth Sci. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. Preliminary Assessment of Volcanic and Hydrothermal Hazards in Yellowstone National Park and Vicinity. Geotherm. J. Volcanol. Geochem. 429, 234246. doi:10.1098/rsta.2006.1814, Silleni, A., Giordano, G., Isaia, R., and Ort, M. H. (2020). A., and Miklius, A. Geothermal Res. This video will discuss this little known supervolcano, and mention what its future hazards are.If you would like to support this channel, consider becoming a patron at http://patreon.com/geologyhub.Another way to support this channel is to make an order via our gemstone and geology related etsy store at http://prospectingarizona.etsy.com.This video is protected under fair use. The lake is located in the Solol Department of southwestern Guatemala. Report on Asosan (Japan), in Weekly Volcanic Activity Report. Supervolcanoes and Their Explosive Supereruptions. This supereruption double-whammy may thus be the more compelling source of the significant environmental impacts often attributed individually to the YTT supereruption. 8, 15248. doi:10.1038/ncomms15248, Newhall, C. G., and Self, S. (1982). This scenario can also potentially explain why known supereruptions lack corresponding antipodal-triggered eruptions in the LaMEVE catalog (except YTT-LCY). R. Soc. J. Quat. We note that there are efforts in the blogosphere that attempt to redress the balance and provide some rigour (Andrews, 2018), but these, by their nature, do not provide a scholarly assessment. (2014). Most of this is due to the inherent imperfection of the geological record in terms of preservation but there are also methodological inconsistencies. Annu. Commun. doi:10.2113/gselements.4.1.11, Mller, T. M., Gurevich, B., and Lebedev, M. (2010). Atitln volcano eruptions - eruptive history, info All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. (2021). Zircon geochronology from the LCY also points to the protracted accumulation of silicic magmas prior to eruption (>80kyr; Cisneros de Len et al., 2021). J. Volcanol. A Revised Age for the Kawakawa/Oruanui Tephra, a Key Marker for the Last Glacial Maximum in New Zealand. 18 (1), 156177. Atitln Volcano, Guatemala - facts & information - VolcanoDiscovery J. Volcanol. Quat. We note that sulfate spikes T1 to T4 show relatively large-magnitude sulfur mass-independent fractionation (S-MIF) isotopic signatures (Figure 1B; Crick et al., 2021), which are indicative of large eruptions from tropical locations, the plumes of which reached altitudes at or above the ozone layer in the stratosphere. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2013.09.040, Gudmundsson, A. Micromechanics of Seismic Wave Propagation in Granular Materials. Volcanic hazards at Atitlan volcano, Guatemala Sci. 39, 205213. Geology 47, 453456. The volcano perches on the southern rim of the Atitlan caldera, which contains Lake Atitlan. J. Volcanol. (1981). Geothermal Res. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. As such the term supervolcano is inexorably linked to the term supereruption and this in turn is at present restricted to silicic explosive eruptions of >M 8. Geophys. Seismol. Earth Environ. Sparks, S., Self, S., Pyle, D., Oppenheimer, C., Rymer, H., and Grattan, J. Commun. (2021). The subdiscipline of volcanology should not be any different. Supervolcano is such a term. Sci. Soc. 364, 20732097. Quat. doi:10.1016/0377-0273(87)90054-0, Rose, W. I., Conway, F. M., Pullinger, C. R., Deino, A., and McIntosh, W. C. (1999). doi:10.1016/0377-0273(80)90008-6, Watts, K. E., Bindeman, I. N., and Schmitt, A. K. (2012). However, we would argue that any bias is limited, particularly for young active systems. Volcan Atitlan is one of three stratovolcanoes surrounding Lake Atitlan, the most recent caldera created by the system. (2014). The Largest Volcanic Eruptions on Earth. Res. The outsized dimensions of magma reservoirs that birth supereruptions are the result of high crustal magmatic fluxes and long thermal histories that pre-condition the crust to promote storage, growth, and retard eruption in contrast to smaller calderas and caldera complexes (e.g. 167 (1-4), 2436. Rev. Atitln is the youngest and most active of the three volcanoes. The 1800a Taupo Eruption: III Wind Blows the Ultraplinian Type Event Down to Plinian. Publication was made possible in part by support from the Berkeley Research Impact Initiative (BRII) sponsored by the UC Berkeley Library. Sci. (2004). R. Soc. A Discussion of the Mechanisms of Explosive Basaltic Eruptions. A recent study indicates that the LCY supereruption (Cisneros de Len et al., 2021) is a potential source for one of these significant sulfate spikes. Antipodal Hotspots and Bipolar Catastrophes: Were Oceanic Large-Body Impacts the Cause? Geophys. Editors A. Schmidt, K. Fristad, and L. Elkins-Tanton (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 244259. Guatemala's Lake Atitlan is situated between 3 towering volcanoes. IEEE Sensors J. Contrib. 127 (11-12), 15071520. Among 50,000 synthetic histories with random spacing between eruptions and volumes sampled from our LaMEVE dataset, we find that only 1.73% of the synthetic histories have an eruption pair that matches the YTT-LCY characteristics (Inset Figure 2). The passage of long-period (tens of seconds) Rayleigh seismic waves generated during the YTT catastrophic eruption and caldera collapse through a crystal-mush-dominated LCY reservoir may have affected the systems stability ultimately culminating in a supereruption on a decadal-century timescale (Figure 4B). Ash Flow Magmatism. Lett. London: Report of a Geological Society of London Working Group, The Geological Society, 24. Geotherm. Eruption magnitudes (bulk tephra volume) are represented by the size and color of the symbol. The United States Geological Survey has the following formal definition on their website The term supervolcano implies a volcanic center that has had an eruption of magnitude eight on the Volcano Explosivity Index (VEI), meaning the measured deposits for that eruption is greater than 1,000 cubic kilometers (240 cubic miles) (USGS website accessed 5 January 2022). New Insights into the 74 Ka Toba Eruption from Sulfur Isotopes of Polar Ice Cores. (1982). Try our free app! Supereruptions as a Threat to Civilizations on Earth-like Planets. This opens the question of whether these synchronous supereruptions may be a coincidence or could be a consequence of each other? Rather than throw our hands up in frustration and ignore it, we should recognize that the term is here to stay and work to ensure its correct usage. A High-Precision 40Ar/39Ar Age for the Young Toba Tuff and Dating of Ultra-distal Tephra: Forcing of Quaternary Climate and Implications for Hominin Occupation of India. (2017). Sci. Proc. Mason, B. G., Pyle, D. M., and Oppenheimer, C. (2004). Lake Atitln is flanked by three volcanoes: Atitln, Tolimn, and San Pedro known as the Three Giants. The Toba Caldera Complex. doi:10.1016/j.jmps.2017.11.007, Weinberg, R. F., Vernon, R. H., and Schmeling, H. (2021). 74ka Youngest Toba Tuff (YTT; 5,300km3 DRE; Costa et al., 2014), Sumatra, and Los Chocoyos (LCY), Guatemala (730km3 DRE; Kutterolf et al., 2016; Cisneros de Len et al., 2021), has implications for the global record of supereruptions and warrants an evaluation of the randomness of paired eruptions at the colossal scale. doi:10.1190/1.1441276, Yuan, Q., Kong, X., Zhang, J., Fang, Q., and Hong, J.
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