And therefore his definitions, of themselves, and not from the consent of the Church, are justly styled irreformable, since they are pronounced with the assistance of the Holy Spirit, promised to him in blessed Peter, and therefore they need no approval of others, nor do they allow an appeal to any other judgment. In AD 195, Pope Victor I, in what is seen as an exercise of Roman authority over other churches, excommunicated the Quartodecimans for observing Easter on the 14th of Nisan, the date of the Jewish Passover, a tradition handed down by John the Evangelist (see Easter controversy). Yes, he only managed to hold his job for 13 days in 1590 . New York: Henry Holt & co. 1994. Some of the leading candidates included Cesare Baronius and Robert Bellarmine. In the following list the number of calendar days includes partial days. In 325, the First Council of Nicaea condemned Arianism, declaring trinitarianism dogmatic, and in its sixth canon recognized the special role of the Sees of Rome, Alexandria, and Antioch. If thou art near Italy, thou hast Rome where authority is ever within reach. ", "The Role of the Vatican in the Modern World", "Catechism of the Catholic Church Christ's Faithful Hierarchy, Laity, Consecrated Life", "Letter of Ignatius of Antioch to the Romans", "Saint Paul the Apostle | Biography & Facts", "Letter of Ignatius of Antioch to the Romans: Prologue", "What the Early Church Believed: The Authority of the Pope", "Cyprian and the Bishops at the Council of Carthage to Cornelius", "Cyprian and Other Bishops at the Council of Carthage to Stephen", "CHURCH FATHERS: Against Heresies, III.3 (St. Irenaeus)", "The Orthodox Church. The shortest papacies of all time? [60], From the 7th century it became common for European monarchies and nobility to found churches and perform investiture or deposition of clergy in their states and fiefdoms, their personal interests causing corruption among the clergy. [185], Pope Pius V (reigned 15661572), is often credited with having originated the custom whereby the pope wears white, by continuing after his election to wear the white habit of the Dominican order. International law treats the Holy See, essentially the central government of the Catholic Church, as the juridical equal of a state. The Eastern Church continued to decline with the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, undercutting Constantinople's claim to equality with Rome. He also possesses a summer residence at Castel Gandolfo, situated on the site of the ancient city of Alba Longa. [156] The Second Vatican Council referred to all bishops as "vicars and ambassadors of Christ",[157] and this description of the bishops was repeated by John Paul II in his encyclical Ut unum sint, 95. These churches see no foundation to papal claims of universal immediate jurisdiction, or to claims of papal infallibility. Habemus Papam! In English, the term usually means the head of the Catholic Church.
Who is the shortest serving pope? - InfoBG.NET In the earlier centuries of Christianity, the title "Pope", meaning "father", had been used by all bishops. The pope's seals are defaced, to keep them from ever being used again, and his personal apartment is sealed. The new pope chooses the name by which he will be known from that point on. | Public domain By Kevin J. Jones Denver Newsroom, Sep. Which pope served the shortest period? [62] This reform movement gained strength with the election of Pope Gregory VII in 1073, who adopted a series of measures in the movement known as the Gregorian Reform, in order to fight strongly against simony and the abuse of civil power and try to restore ecclesiastical discipline, including clerical celibacy. Augustine of Hippo believed that the unity of the Church was dependent on the authority of the Pope. According to the Book of Isaiah, Eliakim receives the keys and power to close and open. It was in relation to the latter that, in November 2008, the United States Court of Appeals in Cincinnati decided that a case over sexual abuse by Catholic priests could proceed, provided the plaintiffs could prove that the bishops accused of negligent supervision were acting as employees or agents of the Holy See and were following official Holy See policy. In his travels, he became a knight of San Stefano at the Grand Duke of Tuscany. John Paul I Pope John Paul I also reigned for 33 days before his death in 1978. [154] Its use specifically for the pope appears in the 13th century in connection with the reforms of Pope Innocent III,[151] as can be observed already in his 1199 letter to Leo I, King of Armenia. the Church which is beloved and enlightened by the will of Him that wills all things which are according to the love of Jesus Christ our God, which also presides in the place of the region of the Romans, worthy of God, worthy of honour, worthy of the highest happiness, worthy of praise, worthy of obtaining her every desire, worthy of being deemed holy, and which presides over love, is named from Christ, and from the Father, which I also salute in the name of Jesus Christ, the Son of the Father: to those who are united, both according to the flesh and spirit, to every one of His commandments; However, the Orthodox Church rejects the Roman Catholic notion of papal infallibility or the universal jurisdiction of the Pope over the entire Church. Benedict XVI, who vacated the Holy See on 28 February 2013, was the most recent to do so, and the first since Gregory XII's resignation in 1415.[139]. [39] Some writers claim that the emergence of a single bishop in Rome probably did not occur until the middle of the 2nd century. It is as head of the state-equivalent worldwide religious jurisdiction of the Holy See (not of the territory of Vatican City) that the U.S. Justice Department ruled that the pope enjoys head-of-state immunity. The official list of titles of the pope, in the order in which they are given in the Annuario Pontificio, is: Bishop of Rome, Vicar of Jesus Christ, Successor of the Prince of the Apostles, Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church, Primate of Italy, Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province, Sovereign of the Vatican City State, Servant of the servants of God. Popes like Alexander VI, an ambitious if spectacularly corrupt politician, and Julius II, a formidable general and statesman, were not afraid to use power to achieve their own ends, which included increasing the power of the papacy. Though unique for each pope, the arms have for several centuries been traditionally accompanied by two keys in saltire (i.e., crossed over one another so as to form an X) behind the escutcheon (shield) (one silver key and one gold key, tied with a red cord), and above them a silver triregnum with three gold crowns and red infulae (lappetstwo strips of fabric hanging from the back of the triregnum which fall over the neck and shoulders when worn). In their view, Linus, Cletus and Clement were possibly prominent presbyter-bishops, but not necessarily monarchical bishops. [148] Saint Boniface described Pope Gregory II as vicar of Peter in the oath of fealty that he took in 722. [125], The cardinal protodeacon announces from a balcony over St. Peter's Square the following proclamation: Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum! (With the promulgation of Universi Dominici Gregis in 1996, a simple majority after a deadlock of twelve days was allowed, but this was revoked by Pope Benedict XVI by motu proprio in 2007. Before the 21st century, only five popes unambiguously resigned with historical certainty, all between the 10th and 15th centuries. Eliakim gets the power to close and open, while Peter gets the power to bind and loose. Soter having succeeded Anicetus, Eleutherius does now, in the twelfth place from the apostles, hold the inheritance of the episcopate. With his long journey, he restored the prestige of the papacy in Northern Europe. [76] These sources attest to the acknowledgement of the Bishop of Rome as an influential figure within the Church, with some emphasizing the importance of adherence to Rome's teachings and decisions. The pope (or the supreme pontiff) is the Bishop of the Diocese of Rome as well as the global Catholic Churchs ex officio leader. Pope John Paul I, who led the Roman Catholic Church for 33 days in 1978, has been beatified at the Vatican - the last step before sainthood. In English, the term usually means the head of the Catholic Church. Oxford University Press. The term pope is the name several churches give to their highest spiritual leader. "[88][89] In his letter 53 Augustine wrote a line of 38 Popes from Saint Peter to Siricius affirming the authority of the bishop of Rome as the successor of Peter.[90]. The bull Regnans in Excelsis in 1570 excommunicated Queen Elizabeth I of England and declared that all her subjects were released from allegiance to her.
33-day 'Smiling Pope' John Paul I beatified at the Vatican [133] This was not done on the deaths of popes John Paul I[134] and John Paul II. This title was first used by Pope Theodore I in 642, and was only used occasionally. [57] After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, barbarian tribes were converted to Arian Christianity or Nicene Christianity;[58] Clovis I, king of the Franks, was the first important barbarian ruler to convert to the mainstream church rather than Arianism, allying himself with the papacy. To him succeeded Anacletus; and after him, in the third place from the apostles, Clement was allotted the bishopric. 1. See More by this Creator. [64] In 1095, the Byzantine emperor, Alexios I Komnenos, asked for military aid from Pope Urban II in the ongoing ByzantineSeljuq wars. The existence of an antipope is usually due either to doctrinal controversy within the Church (heresy) or to confusion as to who is the legitimate pope at the time (schism). [95], The symbolic keys in the Papal coats of arms are a reference to the phrase "the keys of the kingdom of heaven" in the first of these texts. He announces the new pope's Christian name along with his newly chosen regnal name. John mutilated the Imperial representatives in Rome and had himself reinstated as pope. [220] The Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod (WELS), another Confessional Lutheran church that declares the Papacy to be the Antichrist, released its own statement, the "Statement on the Antichrist", in 1959. In a few cases, the term is used for other Christian clerical authorities. For bishops are preachers of the faith, who lead new disciples to Christ, and they are authentic teachers, that is, teachers endowed with the authority of Christ, who preach to the people committed to them the faith they must believe and put into practice, and by the light of the Holy Spirit illustrate that faith.
In-Depth Guide To Shortest Serving Pope, Who Was The Shortest Serving In Spanish and Italian, "Beatsimo/Beatissimo Padre" (Most Blessed Father) is often used in preference to "Santsimo/Santissimo Padre" (Most Holy Father). The appointment as a cardinal-priest came with the titulus of San Crisogono (a titulus is a church that is assigned to a Cardinal Priest). The Latin term, sede vacante ("while the see is vacant"),[129] refers to a papal interregnum, the period between the death or resignation of a pope and the election of his successor.
Shortest-Serving Popes Quiz - By olds88 - Sporcle The pope may have utilized the forged Donation of Constantine to gain this land, which formed the core of the Papal States. Pope Stephen II was elected on 24 March 752 following the death of Pope Zacharias (reigned 741-752) and died two days later. ", for the Latin Papa ("Pope"). The first expansion of papal rule outside of Rome came in 728 with the Donation of Sutri, which in turn was substantially increased in 754, when the Frankish ruler Pippin the Younger gave to the pope the land from his conquest of the Lombards. Some popes used the term and others did not. [132], In recent centuries, when a pope was judged to have died, it was reportedly traditional for the cardinal camerlengo to confirm the death ceremonially by gently tapping the pope's head thrice with a silver hammer, calling his birth name each time. And wherever the Church is, no death is there, but life eternal. They are envied, respected, and sometimes criticized in equal measure. I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven, and whatever you bind on earth shall be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven. Various Antipopes challenged papal authority, especially during the Western Schism (13781417). John Paul I was the shortest-serving pope since 1605. Set the first known worldwide smoking ban, banning smoking in and near all churches. By olds88 - /5 - RATE QUIZ MORE INFO The role of the pope as the Bishop of Rome stems from the belief that the pope succeeded Saint Peter. In 800, Pope Leo III crowned the Frankish ruler Charlemagne as Roman emperor, a major step toward establishing what later became known as the Holy Roman Empire; from that date onward the popes claimed the prerogative to crown the emperor, though the right fell into disuse after the coronation of Charles V in 1530. He was an academic man who had a doctorate in law studies. On October 1, 1975, canon law passed stating a man became the pope immediately after accepting his election to the papacy. The emperor was killed in action, his reign only lasted a day. There are 35 instances of the use of this term in the Vulgate: Annuario Pontificio 2008 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Examples are "Francesco" in the frontispiece of the 2013, Compare the portrait reproduced in the article on Pius V with those in the articles on his immediate predecessors, Denzinger 30733075 (old numbering, 18391840), "Therefore, on the basis of a renewed study of the pertinent Scriptures we reaffirm the statement of the Lutheran Confessions, that 'the Pope is the very Antichrist'" from, Annuario Pontificio 2012 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2012, Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria, Ethiopian Orthodox Patriarchate of Ethiopia, Eritrean Orthodox Patriarchate of Eritrea, Conflict between the Emperor and the papacy, Fundamental Statute for the Secular Government of the States of the Church, History of the Catholic Church since 1962, Corps of Firefighters of the Vatican City State, Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State, List of diplomatic missions of the Holy See, Section for Relations with States (Roman Curia), Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See, Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See, Coats of arms of the Holy See and Vatican City, Postage stamps and postal history of Vatican City, Santa Maria della Piet in Camposanto dei Teutonici, Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes, Committee on Ecumenical and Interreligious Affairs, tradition that reached back into the eleventh century, Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples, Pope and Patriarch of All Africa on the Holy Orthodox and Apostolic Throne of Saint Mark the Evangelist and Holy Apostle, Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria and All Africa, disassociated themselves from the Catholic Church, "American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language", "Rome, Patriarchate of | Encyclopedia.com", "Christ's Faithful Hierarchy, Laity, Consecrated Life: The episcopal college and its head, the pope", "In Biden's visit with the pope, a page from Reagan's playbook? The infallibility promised to the Church resides also in the body of Bishops, when that body exercises the supreme magisterium with the successor of Peter. The WELS still holds to this statement.[221]. Examples include the African Legio Maria Church and the European Palmarian Catholic Church in Spain. Despite his (relatively) short term, Benedict XVI (pictured above in 2014) is now officially the longest-lived person (so far) to have been pope. [94], Simon, Simon, behold, Satan demanded to have you, that he might sift you like wheat, but I have prayed for you that your faith may not fail. Yet even he doesn't make it onto the top 10 list of the shortest terms as head of the church. ("I announce to you a great joy! For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for List of popes by length of reign. Traditionally, this term was reserved for claimants with a significant following of cardinals or other clergy. "Vatican: Bells Will Also Announce Election of New Pope". The pope's official seat is in the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran, considered the cathedral of the Diocese of Rome, and his official residence is the Apostolic Palace. And when you have turned again, strengthen your brothers. After a solemn Papal Mass, the new pope was crowned with the triregnum (papal tiara) and he gave for the first time as pope the famous blessing Urbi et Orbi ("to the City [Rome] and to the World"). [60] This period includes the Saeculum obscurum, the Crescentii era, and the Tusculan Papacy. In Mattew 16:18 Peter was compared to a rock. If he replies with the word "Accepto", his reign begins at that instant. This political and temporal authority was demonstrated through the papal role in the Holy Roman Empire (especially prominent during periods of contention with the emperors, such as during the pontificates of Pope Gregory VII and Pope Alexander III). [25] The earliest recorded use of the title "pope" in English dates to the mid-10th century, when it was used in reference to the 7th century Roman Pope Vitalian in an Old English translation of Bede's Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum.[26]. The longest serving Pope was Pius IX, who reigned from 1846 to 1878 for a total of 32 years. Primacy is regarded as a consequence of the pope's position as bishop of the original capital city of the Roman Empire, a definition explicitly spelled out in the 28th canon of the Council of Chalcedon. Both the Eastern Orthodox[85] and Roman Catholic Churches recognize this concept as referring to the Bishop of Rome, who is regarded as the successor of St. Peter and has a special role in maintaining unity within the Church.[86][87]. The family of a certain papal official made and unmade popes for fifty years. St. Peter According to tradition, the longest-serving pope was the first, St. Peter, who is believed to have led the church for 34 to 37 years. The most accurate information about the popes is published every year by the Holy See in the Annuario Pontificio. [48] There are a few other references of that time to recognition of the authoritative primacy of the Roman See outside of Rome. Vatican records put Pius IX second; Leo XIII third; and Pius VI, who served for 24 years, six months and seven days between 1775 and 1799, fourth. [228], Published every year by the Roman Curia, the Annuario Pontificio attaches no consecutive numbers to the popes, stating that it is impossible to decide which side represented at various times the legitimate succession, in particular regarding Pope Leo VIII, Pope Benedict V and some mid-11th-century popes.[229]. 6s", "CHURCH FATHERS: Epistle to the Romans (St. Ignatius)", "CHURCH FATHERS: Letter 53 (St. Augustine)", "CHURCH FATHERS: The Prescription Against Heretics (Tertullian)", "What the Early Church Believed: Peter's Roman Residency", "Where Is the Papacy in the Old Testament? [55][56] While the civil power in the Eastern Roman Empire controlled the church, and the patriarch of Constantinople, the capital, wielded much power,[57] in the Western Roman Empire, the bishops of Rome were able to consolidate the influence and power they already possessed. Papal bulls, interdict, and excommunication (or the threat thereof) have been used many times to exercise papal power. Prior to the election of the Polish-born John Paul II in 1978, the last non-Italian was Adrian VI of the Netherlands, elected in 1522. In more recent years, the shortest pontificates have been as follows:- Leo XI (1 April - 12 April 1605) - 11 days Pope Urban VII (15 - 27 September 1590) - 12 days Marcellus II (9 April - 1 May 1555 . In the early centuries of Christianity, this title was applied, especially in the East, to all bishops[18] and other senior clergy, and later became reserved in the West to the bishop of Rome during the reign of Pope LeoI (440461),[19] a reservation made official only in the 11th century. As the reign of the pope has conventionally been from election until death, papal resignation is an uncommon event. According to Papal Artifacts, he died on his fourth day "in office," though having never officially been consecrated (ceremoniously installed as pope), he tends to get left off the lists. In the present time this cardinal has power over mission territories for Catholicism, essentially the Churches of Africa and Asia,[225] but in the past his competence extended also to all lands where Protestants or Eastern Christianity was dominant. By Atlas73.
Shortest Serving Popes Quiz - By Atlas73 - Sporcle What pope had the shortest reign?
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